Every year on the fourth Thursday in November, millions of Americans nationwide gather for a Thanksgiving Day filled with feasting, family, and football. We dine on traditional dishes such as roasted turkey and gravy, stuffing, candied yams, corn, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie, and family and friends come from far and wide to gather around the table to give thanks and get “stuffed” at this annual meal.

The Thanksgiving tradition goes much deeper than food and sports, however! Explore the history and facts about Thanksgiving Day (also colloquially referred to as “Turkey Day”) here.

What is the history of Thanksgiving?

Who invented Thanksgiving?

The first “Thanksgiving” was a three-day feast in early autumn of 1621 at the Plymouth Plantation in Massachusetts, celebrated together by Pilgrims and Native Americans—Wampanoag is the name of the Native American tribe that celebrated the first Thanksgiving with the Pilgrims.

MORE: Thanksgiving by the numbers

Why did the Pilgrims celebrate the first Thanksgiving?

The Pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving because they were grateful for their successful harvest in the New World. During this feast, the Pilgrims demonstrated their tradition of thanking God for a bountiful feast.

While the Pilgrims and Wampanoag tribe dined on enough food to last for a week—according to letters that Edward Winslow, an English leader who attended that first iconic celebration wrote to a friend—the first Thanksgiving meal lacked the delectable delights of today, and instead likely consisted of fowl, flint corn, squash, porridge, chestnuts, shellfish, and venison.

When did Thanksgiving become a National Holiday?

A national day of thanks and prayer was declared by America’s first president, George Washington in 1789. However, the Thanksgiving Day as we know it today was proclaimed an official federal holiday in 1863 by President Abraham Lincoln, who referred to it as a national day of “Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens.”

Common Thanksgiving Traditions

• Charity: Many communities create food drives that collect non-perishable packaged and canned foods for the less fortunate or find other ways to serve others. Here are 10 ways to give back with your family this year.
• Prayer: Places of worship offer special Thanksgiving Day services. Here are 6 Blessings and prayers for you to worship with friends and family at home.
• Thankfulness: Many families take turns sharing what they are most thankful for during their Thanksgiving meal. But we challenge everyone to keep Thanksgiving gratitude alive all year.
• Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade: In 1924, the Macy’s department store held its first Thanksgiving parade in New York City—a tradition that continues today and is known as the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade. During the parade, larger than life balloons depicting famous characters, elaborate floats themed around history and pop culture, along with popular entertainers such as The Rockettes of Radio City Music Hall, high school and college marching bands, and musical performers travel down Central Park West from 77th Street to Columbus Circle along Central Park South to 6th Avenue, down 6th Avenue to 34th Street and along 34th Street to Macy’s Herald Square (34th Street). The Macy’s Day Parade has been televised nationally on NBC since 1952. Here are more fun facts about the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade.
• Kids Crafts: Both at home and at school, children nationwide create a variety of festive crafts to commemorate the Thanksgiving holiday. From turkeys made by tracing their little hands, to Pilgrim hats and feathered Indian headdresses, creativity runs wild. Check out these creative kid-friendly Thanksgiving crafts.
• Football: For many, turkey and football go hand in hand, and Americans spend much of Thanksgiving Day watching and/or playing football. Dating back to the first intercollegiate football championship held on Thanksgiving Day in 1876, according to The Pro Football Hall of Fame, football games on Thanksgiving was once a tradition among colleges and high schools, but expanded once the NFL started scheduling games during the holiday. The first two Thanksgiving Day football games are hosted by the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys; and a third game with rotating host teams has been played every year since 2006.
• Making a Wish: The wishbone (or furcular bone) is often taken out of the turkey after the roasted poultry has been sliced, and tugged on by family members in effort to crack it in half. According to the tale of the wishbone, whomever breaks off the bigger piece of the wishbone will get one special wish granted. This tradition dates back to the Etruscans of 322 B.C., who believed that birds were sacred. The Romans brought the tradition with them when they conquered England and the English colonists carried the tradition on to America.
• In 1947 President Harry Truman “pardoned” a turkey the day before it was scheduled to be served up as the main course at the White House Thanksgiving dinner. The pardoning of one very lucky bird by the President is now an annual Thanksgiving event at the White House.
• Holiday Shopping: Recognized as the biggest shopping day of the year, Black Friday, takes place the day after Thanksgiving. Newspapers are filled with ads and special offers from retailers notifying consumers on Thanksgiving Day of the drastic markdowns on popular products in an effort to get as much early holiday sales as possible.

A Thanksgiving Timeline

• 1621 – Pilgrims and Native Americans celebrated a harvest feast (known as the first “Thanksgiving”) in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
• 1630 – Settlers observed the first Thanksgiving of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in New England on July 8, 1630.
• 1777 – While in route to Valley Forge, George Washington and his army stopped in freezing weather to observe the first Thanksgiving of the new United States of America.
• 1789 – President George Washington declared November 26, 1789, as a national day of “thanksgiving and prayer.”
• 1863 – President Abraham Lincoln declared Thanksgiving an official federal holiday.
• 1876 – The first intercollegiate football championship was held on Thanksgiving Day
• 1924 – Macy’s held its first Thanksgiving Day parade.
• 1934 –The first National Football League game held on Thanksgiving Day was between the Detroit Lions who faced the Chicago Bears at the University of Detroit Stadium.
• 1941 – President Roosevelt established the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day.
• 1947 – President Harry Truman “pardoned” a turkey the day before it was scheduled to be served up as the main course at the White House Thanksgiving dinner. Modern presidents today have carried on the tradition.